𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 Resources

1. The original paper from Bell Labs on UTF-8^[link1]
2. A tutorial on character code issues^[link2] - the MUST READ
3. Mojibake^[link3]
4. Character Sets / Character Encoding Issues^[link4]
5. Handling UTF-8 with PHP^[link5]
6. Migrating to Unicode^[link6]
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
8. Unicode block^[link7]
9. Unicode Cheat Sheet^[link8]
10. http://htmlpurifier.org/docs/enduser-utf8.html
11. What every programmer absolutely, positively needs to know about encodings and character sets to work with text^[link9]
12. https://www.sitepoint.com/brin[...]-with-portable-utf8/^[link10]
13. https://www.utf8-chartable.de/
14. W3C: Character Model for the World Wide Web: String Matching^[link11]
15. https://unicode.org
    1. Unicode Regular Expressions^[link12]
    2. Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm^[link13]
    3. Unicode Security Considerations^[link14]
    4. Unicode Normalization Forms^[link15]
16. http://www.utf8everywhere.org/
17. Quotes^[link16]

• Strings literals in PHP are still fundamentally composed of bytes.
• It is up to developers to deal with character encoding issues using mbstring^[link17], iconv^[link18], uconverter^[link19], etc.
• The intl extension^[link20] wraps a lot of the functionality that was originally going to be a part of PHP 6 for use in PHP 7.x/8.x.
• PHP 7 helps by adding the inline UTF-8 literal syntax \u{[0-9A-Fa-f]+} and IntlChar class^[link21].