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Merge of Version1 & Version2
1 == HTTP Class Technical Documentation ==
2
3 {{toc numerate=1}}
4 === Overview ===
5
6 The ##Http## class (##src/class/http.php##) is a core component of the WackoWiki system responsible for handling HTTP request/response processing, session management, caching, and security features. This class acts as a bridge between the web server and the wiki engine.
7
8 **File Location:** ##src/class/http.php##
9 **Language:** PHP
10 **Dependencies:** Database class, Session classes, Utility classes (##Ut##), Diagnostics class (##Diag##)
11
12 ----
13
14 === Class Properties ===
15
16 ====Public Properties====
17
18 #|
19 *| Property | Type | Description |*
20 || ##$tls_session## | bool | Indicates if the current session uses HTTPS/TLS encryption ||
21 || ##$request_uri## | string | Normalized REQUEST_URI (e.g., 'PageOfNoReturn/show?a=1') ||
22 || ##$ip## | string | Client's real IP address (accounts for proxies) ||
23 || ##$sess## | Session | Reference to the Session object ||
24 || ##$method## | string | Current HTTP method/request type ||
25 |#
26
27 ====Private Properties====
28
29 #|
30 *| Property | Type | Description |*
31 || ##$db## | object | Database connection reference ||
32 || ##$tls_mark## | string | Cookie name for TLS session marking ||
33 || ##$page## | string | Current page name being processed ||
34 || ##$hash## | string | SHA1 hash of the page name ||
35 || ##$query## | string | Encoded query string ||
36 || ##$lang## | string | Current language code ||
37 || ##$file## | string | Cache file path ||
38 || ##$caching## | int | Flag indicating if page should be cached (0 or 1) ||
39 |#
40
41 ----
42 === Constructor ===
43
44 %%php
45 public function __construct(&$db)
46 ```%%
47
48 **Purpose:** Initializes the Http object and sets up HTTP session handling.
49
50 **Parameters:**
51 - `$db`  - ##$db## - Database object reference
52
53 **Initialization Steps:**
54   1. Stores database reference
55   2. Extracts and normalizes REQUEST_URI
56   3. Detects TLS/HTTPS session status
57   4. Determines client's real IP address
58   5. Sets up TLS mark cookie name
59   6. Enforces TLS session upgrade if needed
60
61 **Example:**
62 ```%%php
63 $http = new Http($db);
64 ```%%
65
66 ----
67
68 ## Core Methods=== Core Methods ===
69
70 ### Session Management==== Session Management ====
71
72 #### `session($route): void`===== ##session($route): void## =====
73 Initializes the session handler (file-based or database-based).
74
75 **Parameters:**
76 - `$route`  - ##$route## (int) - Routing flag:
77   - Bit 2 (`$route & 2`##$route & 2##): Enable static mode for files/freecap (disables replay prevention and ID regeneration)
78
79 **Features:**
80   - Selects storage backend (file or database)
81   - Configures cookie settings (security, path, httponly)
82   - Binds IP and TLS validation
83   - Recovers diagnostic logs from previous session
84
85 **Example:**
86 ```%%php
87 $http->session(0); // Normal session
88 $http->session(2); // Static file serving mode
89 ```%%
90
91 ----
92
93 ### Caching System==== Caching System ====
94
95 #### `check_cache($page, $method): void`===== ##check_cache($page, $method): void## =====
96 Determines if a page can be cached and prepares the cache check.
97
98 **Parameters:**
99 - `$page`  - ##$page## (string) - Page name to cache
100 - `$method`  - ##$method## (string) - Request method/action (e.g., 'show', 'edit')
101
102 **Caching Rules:**
103   - ✅ Enabled for GET requests only
104   - ✅ Disabled for POST requests
105   - ❌ Never cached for 'edit' or 'watch' methods
106   - ✅ Only cached for anonymous users (no logged-in users)
107
108 **Example:**
109 ```%%php
110 $http->check_cache('HomePage', 'show');
111 ```%%
112
113 ----
114
115 #### `store_cache(): void`=====##store_cache(): void##=====
116 Saves the generated page content to cache file.
117
118 **Features:**
119   - Retrieves output buffer content
120   - Saves to cache file with proper permissions
121   - Records cache metadata in database
122   - Only executes if caching flag is set and user is anonymous
123
124 **Example:**
125 ```php%%(hl php)
126 // Called at end of page rendering
127 $http->store_cache();
128 ```%%
129
130 ----
131
132 #### `invalidate_page($page): int`===== ##invalidate_page($page): int## =====
133 Invalidates all cached versions of a page.
134
135 **Parameters:**
136 - `$page`  - ##$page## (string) - Page name to invalidate
137
138 **Returns:**
139   - Number of cache entries invalidated
140
141 **Process:**
142   1. Finds all cached versions (different methods/languages)
143   2. Touches files to past timestamp (faster than deletion)
144   3. Removes entries from cache metadata table
145   4. Returns count of invalidated caches
146
147 **Example:**
148 ```%%php
149 $count = $http->invalidate_page('HomePage');
150 echo "Invalidated $count cache entries";
151 ```%%
152
153 ----
154
155 ### TLS/HTTPS Security==== TLS/HTTPS Security ====
156
157 #### `secure_base_url(): void`===== ##secure_base_url(): void## =====
158 Switches base URL from HTTP to HTTPS.
159
160 **Purpose:**
161   - Ensures all subsequent URLs use HTTPS
162   - Stores original HTTP URL for fallback
163   - Called when TLS session is detected
164
165 **Example:**
166 ```%%php
167 $http->secure_base_url();
168 // $db->base_url now uses https://
169 ```%%
170
171 ----
172
173 #### `ensure_tls($url): void`===== ##ensure_tls($url): void## =====
174 Enforces HTTPS for a specific URL and redirects if necessary.
175
176 **Parameters:**
177 - `$url`  - ##$url## (string) - URL to secure
178
179 **Behavior:**
180   - If not already HTTPS and TLS is enabled, forces HTTPS redirect
181   - Handles both relative and absolute URLs
182   - Converts relative URLs using current server name
183
184 **Example:**
185 ```%%php
186 $http->ensure_tls('/secure/payment');
187 ```%%
188
189 ----
190
191 ### IP Address Detection==== IP Address Detection ====
192
193 #### `real_ip(): string` (Private)===== ##real_ip(): string## (Private) =====
194 Detects client's real IP address accounting for proxies.
195
196 **Proxy Headers Checked (in order):**
197 1. `HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP`  1. ##HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP##
198 2. `HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR`  2. ##HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR## (or custom header)
199 3. `HTTP_CLIENT_IP`  3. ##HTTP_CLIENT_IP##
200 4. `HTTP_X_REMOTE_ADDR`  4. ##HTTP_X_REMOTE_ADDR##
201 5. `REMOTE_ADDR`  5. ##REMOTE_ADDR## (fallback)
202
203 **Features:**
204   - Filters out private/reserved IP ranges
205   - Respects configured reverse proxy addresses
206 - Returns `'0.0.0.0'`  - Returns ##'0.0.0.0'## as fallback
207
208 **Configuration in Database:**
209 - `reverse_proxy_addresses`  - ##reverse_proxy_addresses## - Comma/space-separated proxy IPs
210 - `reverse_proxy_header` - Custom header name (default: `X-Forwarded-For`  - ##reverse_proxy_header## - Custom header name (default: ##X-Forwarded-For##)
211
212 **Example:**
213 ```%%php
214 $client_ip = $http->ip; // e.g., "203.0.113.42"
215 ```%%
216
217 ----
218
219 ### HTTPS Detection==== HTTPS Detection ====
220
221 #### `tls_session(): bool` (Private)===== ##tls_session(): bool## (Private) =====
222 Detects if current connection uses HTTPS/TLS.
223
224 **Checks (any being true = HTTPS):**
225   - ##$_SERVER['HTTPS']## is 'on'
226   - ##$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT']## is 443
227   - ##$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO']## is 'https'
228   - ##$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SSL']## is 'on'
229   - ##$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PORT']## is 443
230
231 ----
232
233 ==== Security Headers ====
234
235 =====##http_security_headers(): void##=====
236
237 Sets security-related HTTP headers.
238
239 **Headers Set:**
240
241 #|
242 *| Header | Purpose | Config Key |*
243 || Content-Security-Policy | XSS/injection protection | ##csp## ||
244 || Permissions-Policy | Control browser features | ##permissions_policy## ||
245 || Referrer-Policy | Control referrer information | ##referrer_policy## ||
246 || Strict-Transport-Security | Force HTTPS | Auto (TLS only) ||
247 || X-Frame-Options | Clickjacking protection | Hardcoded: ##SAMEORIGIN## ||
248 || X-Content-Type-Options | MIME sniffing prevention | Hardcoded: ##nosniff## ||
249 |#
250
251 **CSP Configuration Options:**
252 - `0`  - ##0## - Disabled
253 - `1` - Default policy (from `csp.conf`  - ##1## - Default policy (from ##csp.conf##)
254 - `2` - Custom policy (from `csp_custom.conf`  - ##2## - Custom policy (from ##csp_custom.conf##)
255
256 **Example:**
257 ```%%php
258 $http->http_security_headers();
259 %%
260
261 ----
262 ==== HTTP Methods ====
263
264 ===== ##redirect($url, $permanent = false): void## =====
265 Performs an HTTP redirect.
266
267 **Parameters:**
268 - `$url`  - ##$url## (string) - Target URL
269 - `$permanent`  - ##$permanent## (bool) - Use 301 (permanent) vs 302 (temporary)
270
271 **Features:**
272 - Decodes `&`  - Decodes ##&## entities to prevent broken redirects
273   - Only works if headers not yet sent
274   - Uses output buffering to work anywhere in page processing
275
276 **Example:**
277 ```%%php
278 $http->redirect('http://example.com/new-page', true); // 301
279 $http->redirect('/wiki/HomePage'); // 302
280 ```%%
281
282 ----
283
284 #### `terminate(): void`===== ##terminate(): void## =====
285 Safe exit/die with cleanup.
286
287 **Cleanup Operations:**
288   - Saves diagnostic logs to session flash data
289   - Ends script execution
290
291 **Example:**
292 ```%%php
293 $http->terminate();
294 ```%%
295
296 ----
297
298 #### `status($code): void`===== ##status($code): void## =====
299 Sets HTTP response status code.
300
301 **Supported Status Codes:**
302 ```%%php
303 200 => 'OK'
304 206 => 'Partial Content'
305 301 => 'Moved Permanently'
… …
316 500 => 'Internal Server Error'
317 501 => 'Not Implemented'
318 503 => 'Service Unavailable'
319 ```%%
320
321 **Example:**
322 ```%%php
323 $http->status(404); // Send 404 Not Found
324 ```%%
325
326 ----
327
328 ### Caching Control==== Caching Control ====
329
330 #### `no_cache($client_only = true): void`===== ##no_cache($client_only = true): void## =====
331 Disables caching of the current page.
332
333 **Parameters:**
334 - `$client_only`  - ##$client_only## (bool, default: TRUE)
335   - `TRUE`##TRUE##: Disable browser cache only
336   - `FALSE`##FALSE##: Disable both browser and server cache
337
338 **Headers Set:**
339 - `Last-Modified: <current-time>`  - ##Last-Modified: <current-time>## (always fresh)
340 - `Cache-Control: no-store`  - ##Cache-Control: no-store##
341
342 **Example:**
343 ```%%php
344 $http->no_cache(); // Client-side only
345 $http->no_cache(false); // Both client & server
346 ```%%
347
348 ----
349
350 #### `cache_promisc(): void`===== ##cache_promisc(): void## =====
351 Marks page as publicly cacheable.
352
353 **Headers Set:**
354 - `Cache-Control: public`  - ##Cache-Control: public##
355
356 **Example:**
357 ```%%php
358 $http->cache_promisc();
359 ```%%
360
361 ----
362
363 ### Language Negotiation==== Language Negotiation ====
364
365 #### `user_agent_language(): string`===== ##user_agent_language(): string## =====
366 Determines best language based on browser preferences.
367
368 **Features:**
369   - Follows RFC 9110 section 12.5.4 (HTTP Accept-Language)
370 - Parses `Accept-Language`  - Parses ##Accept-Language## header with quality factors
371   - Attempts exact match first, then language fallback
372   - Falls back to default system language
373
374 **Example Header:**
375 ```%%
376 Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9,de;q=0.8
377 ```%%
378
379 **Returns:**
380   - Language code (e.g., 'en', 'en-US', 'de')
381
382 ----
383
384 #### `available_languages($subset = true): array`===== ##available_languages($subset = true): array## =====
385 Returns list of available language translations.
386
387 **Parameters:**
388 - `$subset`  - ##$subset## (bool, default: TRUE)
389   - `TRUE`##TRUE##: Only allowed languages
390   - `FALSE`##FALSE##: All available languages
391
392 **Features:**
393 - Scans `LANG_DIR`  - Scans ##LANG_DIR## for language files
394 - Filters by `allowed_languages`  - Filters by ##allowed_languages## config if set
395   - Caches result in session
396   - System language always included
397
398 **Returns:**
399 - Associative array: `['en' => 'en', 'de' => 'de', ...]`  - Associative array: ##['en' => 'en', 'de' => 'de', ...]##
400
401 **Example:**
402 ```%%php
403 $all_langs = $http->available_languages(false);
404 $allowed = $http->available_languages(true);
405 ```%%
406
407 ----
408
409 ### File Serving==== File Serving ====
410
411 #### `sendfile($path, $filename = null, $age = null): void`===== ##sendfile($path, $filename = null, $age = null): void## =====
412 Serves files with proper HTTP headers and caching.
413
414 **Parameters:**
415 - `$path`  - ##$path## (string) - File path (or HTTP_XXX constant for error pages)
416 - `$filename`  - ##$filename## (string, optional) - Custom download filename
417 - `$age`  - ##$age## (int, optional) - Cache age in days
418
419 **Features:**
420   - HTTP range request support (partial file downloads)
421   - ETag and Last-Modified conditional requests
422   - Proper MIME type detection
423   - Content-Security-Policy for special file types
424   - Streaming for large files
425   - GZip compression for text files
426
427 **Special Paths:**
428 ```%%php
429 $http->sendfile(404); // Serves file defined by HTTP_404 constant
430 $http->sendfile(403); // Serves file defined by HTTP_403 constant
431 ```%%
432
433 **Example:**
434 ```%%php
435 $http->sendfile('uploads/document.pdf', 'my-document.pdf', 30);
436 ```%%
437
438 ----
439
440 #### `mime_type($path): string`===== ##mime_type($path): string## =====
441 Returns MIME type for a file.
442
443 **Returns:**
444   - MIME type string (e.g., 'application/pdf')
445 - Default: `'application/octet-stream'`  - Default: ##'application/octet-stream'##
446
447 **Example:**
448 ```%%php
449 $mime = $http->mime_type('file.pdf'); // 'application/pdf'
450 ```%%
451
452 ----
453
454 #### `mime_types(): array` (Private)===== ##mime_types(): array## (Private) =====
455 Loads and caches MIME types from configuration.
456
457 **Features:**
458 - Reads from `config/mime.types`  - Reads from ##config/mime.types##
459 - Caches to `cache/config/mime.types`  - Caches to ##cache/config/mime.types##
460   - Reloads if config is updated
461
462 ----
463
464 ### Compression==== Compression ====
465
466 #### `gzip(): void`===== ##gzip(): void## =====
467 Compresses HTTP response with gzip/x-gzip.
468
469 **Features:**
470   - Manually implements gzip (not relying on zlib.output_compression)
471 - Produces correct `Content-Length`  - Produces correct ##Content-Length## header
472   - Only compresses if:
473   - 860 bytes < content < 1 MB
474   - Client accepts compression
475   - Headers not already sent
476
477 **Example:**
478 ```%%php
479 $http->gzip();
480 ```%%
481
482 ----
483
484 ### Utility Methods==== Utility Methods ====
485
486 #### `parse_str($str): array` (Private)===== ##parse_str($str): array## (Private) =====
487 Parses URL-encoded strings with special character handling.
488
489 **Purpose:**
490   - Safely handles special characters in query/form data
491   - Converts encoding properly
492
493 **Example:**
494 ```%%php
495 $data = $http->parse_str('name=John&age=30');
496 ```%%
497
498 ----
499
500 #### `request_uri(): string` (Private)===== ##request_uri(): string## (Private) =====
501 Extracts and normalizes REQUEST_URI from server.
502
503 **Normalization:**
504   - Removes base URL prefix
505   - Removes spaces
506   - Collapses multiple slashes
507 - Removes `..`  - Removes ##..## path traversal attempts
508   - Removes leading/trailing slashes
509
510 ----
511
512 #### `cut_prefix($prefix, $path): string` (Private)===== ##cut_prefix($prefix, $path): string## (Private) =====
513 Removes prefix from path (case-insensitive).
514
515 ----
516
517 #### `get_header_conf($file_name): string` (Private)===== ##get_header_conf($file_name): string## (Private) =====
518 Loads security header configuration from files.
519
520 **Files Supported:**
521 - `csp.conf` / `csp_custom.conf`  - ##csp.conf## / ##csp_custom.conf##
522 - `permissions_policy.conf` / `permissions_policy_custom.conf`  - ##permissions_policy.conf## / ##permissions_policy_custom.conf##
523
524 ----
525
526 ## Configuration Dependencies===Configuration Dependencies===
527
528 The class relies on these database configuration settings:
529
530 #|
531 *| Setting | Type | Purpose |*
532 || ##base_url## | string | Wiki's base URL ||
533 || ##tls## | bool | Enable HTTPS enforcement ||
534 || ##cache## | bool | Enable page caching ||
535 || ##cache_ttl## | int | Cache lifetime in seconds ||
536 || ##session_store## | int | 1=File, 0=Database ||
537 || ##system_seed_hash## | string | Session encryption seed ||
538 || ##cookie_prefix## | string | Session cookie prefix ||
539 || ##cookie_path## | string | Cookie path ||
540 || ##allow_persistent_cookie## | bool | Allow persistent login ||
541 || ##session_length## | int | Session lifetime in seconds ||
542 || ##reverse_proxy_addresses## | string | Comma/space-separated proxy IPs ||
543 || ##reverse_proxy_header## | string | Custom X-Forwarded header ||
544 || ##language## | string | Default language code ||
545 || ##multilanguage## | bool | Enable language negotiation ||
546 || ##allowed_languages## | string | Comma/space-separated allowed langs ||
547 || ##enable_security_headers## | bool | Send security headers ||
548 || ##csp## | int | CSP setting (0/1/2) ||
549 || ##permissions_policy## | int | Permissions-Policy setting (0/1/2) ||
550 || ##referrer_policy## | int | Referrer-Policy setting (0-8) ||
551 |#
552
553 ----
554
555 ===Constants Used===
556
557 #|
558 *| Constant | Type | Purpose |*
559 || ##IN_WACKO## | bool | Security check (exit if not defined) ||
560 || ##CHMOD_SAFE## | int | File permissions for cache files ||
561 || ##CHMOD_FILE## | int | File permissions for config cache ||
562 || ##CACHE_PAGE_DIR## | string | Page cache directory ||
563 || ##CACHE_SESSION_DIR## | string | Session cache directory ||
564 || ##CACHE_CONFIG_DIR## | string | Config cache directory ||
565 || ##CONFIG_DIR## | string | Configuration directory ||
566 || ##LANG_DIR## | string | Language files directory ||
567 || ##DAYSECS## | int | Seconds in a day (86400) ||
568 || ##HTTP_404## | string | Path to 404 error page ||
569 || ##HTTP_403## | string | Path to 403 error page ||
570 |#
571
572 ----
573
574 === Workflow Examples ===
575
576 ====Example 1: Handling a GET Request====
577
578 %%(hl php)
579 // In main wiki entry point
580 $http = new Http($db);
581 $http->session(0); // Start session
… …
593
594 // Possibly compress output
595 $http->gzip();
596 ```%%
597
598 ### Example 2: Handling TLS/HTTPS Upgrade==== Example 2: Handling TLS/HTTPS Upgrade ====
599
600 ```%%php
601 $http = new Http($db); // Constructor detects TLS requirement
602 // If TLS is enabled and user wasn't in TLS before:
603 // - Sets TLS session flag
604 // - Marks session with TLS cookie
605 // - Redirects to HTTPS version
606 ```%%
607
608 ### Example 3: Invalidating Cache After Page Edit==== Example 3: Invalidating Cache After Page Edit ====
609
610 ```%%php
611 // User edits a page
612 $http = new Http($db);
613 $count = $http->invalidate_page('HomePage');
614 // All cached versions (different languages, methods) are invalidated
615 ```%%
616
617 ### Example 4: Serving a File==== Example 4: Serving a File ====
618
619 ```%%php
620 $http = new Http($db);
621 $http->session(2); // Static file mode - no session replay prevention
622
623 // Serve with 30-day cache
624 $http->sendfile('uploads/manual.pdf', 'user-manual.pdf', 30);
625 ```%%
626
627 ----
628
629 ## Security Considerations=== Security Considerations ===
630
631 ### 1. **IP Address Spoofing**==== 1. **IP Address Spoofing** ====
632   - Validates IPs against private ranges
633   - Filters proxy-provided IPs appropriately
634   - Configurable reverse proxy trust
635
636 ### 2. **Session Security**==== 2. **Session Security** ====
637   - Binds sessions to IP address
638   - Binds sessions to TLS status
639   - Supports both file and database storage
640   - HttpOnly cookies by default
641
642 ### 3. **TLS Enforcement**==== 3. **TLS Enforcement** ====
643   - Automatic HTTPS upgrade when configured
644   - Marks TLS sessions to prevent downgrade attacks
645   - HSTS header support
646
647 ### 4. **Content Security**==== 4. **Content Security** ====
648   - CSP headers to prevent XSS
649   - X-Frame-Options to prevent clickjacking
650   - X-Content-Type-Options to prevent MIME sniffing
651   - Referrer-Policy control
652   - Permissions-Policy for browser features
653
654 ### 5. **File Serving**==== 5. **File Serving** ====
655   - Validates file existence and readability
656 - Prevents directory traversal via `realpath()`  - Prevents directory traversal via ##realpath()##
657   - Rejects symbolic links
658   - Special CSP for SVG and PDF files
659
660 ### 6. **Cache Security**==== 6. **Cache Security** ====
661   - Cached only for anonymous users
662   - Disabled for sensitive operations (edit, watch)
663   - Only GET requests cached
664
665 ----
666
667 ## Performance Optimization=== Performance Optimization ===
668
669 ### 1. **Page Caching**==== 1. **Page Caching** ====
670   - Stores full HTML output
671   - TTL-based expiration
672   - Language and method-aware caching
673   - Conditional request support (304 Not Modified)
674
675 ### 2. **MIME Type Caching**==== 2. **MIME Type Caching** ====
676   - Loads MIME types once and caches
677   - Regenerates only when config changes
678
679 ### 3. **Session Options**==== 3. **Session Options** ====
680   - File-based sessions for simple deployments
681   - Database sessions for distributed systems
682
683 ### 4. **Compression**==== 4. **Compression** ====
684   - Manual gzip implementation
685   - Proper Content-Length generation
686   - Only compresses appropriate sizes
687
688 ----
689
690 ## Debugging=== Debugging ===
691
692 The class integrates with WackoWiki's diagnostic system:
693
694 ```%%php
695 // Diagnostic messages are preserved across redirects
696 // via session flash data
697
698 // Check cached pages (debug comments in output):
699 // <!-- WackoWiki Caching Engine: page cached at 2024-01-15 12:30:45 GMT -->
700 %%
701
702 ----
703
704 === Related Classes ===
705   - **Session Classes** (##SessionFileStore##, ##SessionDbalStore##) - Session management backends
706   - **Database Class** - Configuration and cache metadata storage
707   - **Ut Utility Class** - String/path utilities
708   - **Diag Class** - Diagnostic logging
709
710 ----
711
712 === Version History ===
713   - Supports PHP 8.0+ (uses match expressions, union types)
714   - Follows RFC 9110 for HTTP header handling
715   - Modern cookie security practices
716
717 ----
718
719 === Conclusion ===
720
721 The ##Http## class is the central request/response handler in WackoWiki, managing everything from session initialization to security headers to file serving. Understanding this class is essential for:
722   - Extending WackoWiki with custom request handlers
723   - Implementing custom session logic
724   - Adding new security policies
725   - Optimizing cache strategies
726   - Debugging HTTP-related issues